Car Show

Hearse

A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e.g. a church to a cemetery, a similar burial site, or a crematorium. In the funeral trade, they are often called funeral coaches.

The name, supposedly, derives from the Anglo-Saxon word harrow, describing the temporary framework on which candles were placed above the bier. This also held banners and armorial bearings and other heraldic devices. Verses or epitaphs were often attached to the hearse.

Hearses were originally horse-drawn, but motorised examples began to be produced from 1909 in the United States, and became more widely accepted in the 1920s. The vast majority of hearses since then have been based on larger, more powerful car chassis, generally retaining the front end up to and possibly including the front doors but with custom bodywork to the rear to contain the coffin. Normally more luxurious brands of car are used as a base; the vast majority of hearses in the United States are Cadillacs and Lincolns. In Europe, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, Opel, Ford and Volvo are common contemporary bases, and in the past, even Rolls-Royce limosuines were converted, though their cost is generally considered prohibitive.

Cadillac produced what it termed a "commercial chassis". This was a strengthened version of the long-wheelbase Fleetwood limousine frame to carry the extra weight of bodywork, rear deck and cargo. Designed for professional car use, the rear of the Cadillac commercial chassis was considerably lower than the passenger car frame, thereby lowering the rear deck height as well for ease of loading and unloading. They were shipped as incomplete cars to coachbuilders for final assembly. A commercial chassis Cadillac was little more than a complete rolling chassis, front end sheet metal with lighting and trim, dashboard and controls. Rear quarter panels and sometimes the front door shells were shipped with the chassis for use in the finished coachwork. Today, most hearses are made from converted sedans on stretched wheelbases. The fleet division of Ford Motor Company sells a Lincoln Town Car with a special "hearse package" strictly to coachbuilders. Shipped without rear seat, rear interior trim, rear window or decklid, the hearse package also features a heavy-duty suspension, brakes, charging system and tires and was once offered on a modified Ford Expedition SUV chassis with the Triton V10 truck engine. Since the working life of a hearse is generally one of light duty and short, sedate drives, hearses remain serviceable for a long time; hearses 30 years old or more may still be in service, although some funeral homes replace them at least once a decade. As of 2004, a new hearse in the USA usually costs in the range of $40,000 to $65,000.

An antique limousine style hearse from Volvo

Two styles of hearse bodywork are common. The older style is the limousine style; these have narrow pillars and lots of glass. These are more popular in the United Kingdom, among others. More popular in the United States is the landau style, with a heavily-padded leather or (later) vinyl roof, and long blind rear quarters, similarly covered, and decorated with large metal S-shaped bars designed to resemble those used to lower the tops on some horse-drawn coaches. It is common practise in the USA for the windows to be curtained, while in the UK the windows are normally left unobscured. Hearses resemble station wagons strictly because of the shape of the rear ends of conventional ones.

In Japan, hearses can come in two styles: "Foreign" style, which is similar in build and style to an American hearse, or a Japanese style, in which the rear area of the vehicle is modified to resemble a small, ornate Buddhist temple. Foreign style hearses are mostly similar in appearance to their US counterparts, although their exterior dimensions and interiors reflect the Japanese preference for smaller, less ornate caskets (this in light of the national preference for cremation). This means that, in contrast to American hearses, the rear quarter panels require less, and sometimes no, alteration. These are generally built from station wagons such as the Nissan Stagea, or from executive sedans such as the Toyota Celsior (Lexus LS430 in the US) and Nissan Cima (Infiniti Q45 in the US). Interestingly, American market vehicles such as the Lincoln Town Car and Cadillac DeVille, which are otherwise fairly uncommon in Japan, are often converted to hearses in both styles.

In recent times, the Motorcycle hearse has become more popular. This type of hearse is a motorcycle with a special sidecar built to carry a casket or an urn. These hearses are often used during the funeral of motorcycle enthusiasts.

Until the late 1970s, it was common for hearses in the USA to be combination coaches which also could serve in the ambulance role; these were common in rural areas. Car-based ambulances and combination coaches were unable to meet stricter Federal specifications for such vehicles and were discontinued after 1979.

Perhaps owing to the morbid nature of the hearse, its luxurious accommodations for the driver, or both, the hearse has a number of enthusiasts who own and drive retired hearses. Celebrity hearse enthusiasts include rock singer Neil Young and double NASCAR Nextel Cup Champion Tony Stewart, who had his hearse customised for a television show into a play toy.

Cultural references

• The 1971 film "Harold and Maude features a unique Jaguar E-Type, converted to a hearse by it's owner, Harold.
• The 1984 film Ghostbusters famously features the "Ectomobile", a white 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor hearse.

See also

• car body style

External links

• Dead Ends Hearse Club (Atlanta)
• Hearse Driver.com Devoted to the privately-owned hearse and the wonderful people who own them. Includes pictures, terminology, classified ads, and much more.
• The Hearse Enthusiast
• Nice selection of photographs of European and American hearses.
• The Professional Car Society (hearses, flower cars, car-based ambulances, limousines)
• The Phantom Coaches Hearse Club in Southern California
• Motorcycle Funerals Web Site
• Ford Motor Company fleet vehicle site
• Hearses, limousines and other unusual cars

Home | Up | A-pillar | Bangle-butt | Brougham | Cab forward | Cabrio coach | Coupe | Crew cab | Dune buggy | Fastback | Hackney carriage | Hardtop | Hatchback | Hearse | High Wheeler | Kammback | Landau | Notchback | Panel van | Phaeton body | Retractable hardtop | Roadster | Runabout | Sedan | Shooting-brake | Softtop | Sportwagon | Spyder | Stanhope body | Station wagon | Cabriolet | Convertible | Leisure activity vehicle | Minivan | Pickup truck | T-bucket | T-top | Targa top | Three window coupe | Tonneau | Touring car | Van | Woodie

Car Show, made by MultiMedia | Free content and software

This guide is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia.