Music Sound

Extended technique is a term used in music to describe unconventional, unorthodox or "improper" techniques of singing, or of playing musical instruments.

Contents 1 Examples include 2 Well known performers and composers who use a notable amount of extended techniques include 3 See also 4 Reading 5 External links

Examples include

added electronics or MIDI control
unusual bowing technique: double stops and multiple stops, sul ponticello, sul tasto, Col legno
breath technique or articulation: multiphonics, tonguing or flutter tonguing, continuous breathing or circular breathing, trumpet half-valve playing, humming while blowing, double buzz, blowing a disengaged mouthpiece or reed, unusual mutes
Sprechstimme (speech-singing)
ululation
prepared piano and prepared guitar
string piano
unusual harmonics, including multiphonics
glissandi, tuner glissando
string microtones (vertical and linear)
exaggerated tremolo
exaggerated brass head-shakes
activating keys or valves without blowing
tapping or rubbing the soundboard of stringed instruments
alternate fingerings
altered tunings (scordatura)
tapping
combination of a mouthpiece of one instrument with the main body of another. (Alto saxophone mouthpiece combined with a standard trombone is a particularly successful permutation.)
turning the mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument upside-down and playing as normal.

Well known performers and composers who use a notable amount of extended techniques include

composer Henry Cowell
composer John Cage
composer Sofia Gubaidulina
composer Helmut Lachenmann
vocalist Joan La Barbara
vocalist Shelley Hirsch
vocalist and composer Meredith Monk
vocalist and composer Maja Ratkje
composer Krzysztof Penderecki
composer and multireedist Joseph Celli
pianist and composer David Tudor in his own work and in the prepared piano techniques of Cage and the New York School
cellist and improviser Frances-Marie Uitti, two bows and curved bows
violinist, violist and improviser Ernesto Rodrigues, curved bow
flautist Ian Anderson
composer Robert Erickson
trombonist Stuart Dempster
bassist Bertram Turetzky
composer Ben Gaunt
rock guitarist Tom Morello
rock guitarist Eddie Van Halen
rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix
guitarist Derek Bailey
guitarist Fred Frith
classical guitarist Štěpán Rak
guitarist Enver Izmailov
jazz saxophonist Rahsaan Roland Kirk
bassist Michael Manring
guitarist Kenneth Johnston with Curable Interns
guitars, basses, synths, drums, vocals, tape loops Ninety Years Without Slumber

Reading

• Stuart Dempster's The Modern Trombone: A Definition of Its Idioms, ISBN 0520032527.
• Patricia and Allen Strange's The Contemporary Violin, ISBN 0520224094, and other books in The New Instrumentation series.
• Bertram Turetzky's The Contemporary Contrabass ISBN 0520063813.
• Michael Edward Edgerton's The 21st Century Voice, ISBN 0-8108-5354-X, and other books in The New Instrumentation series. Scarecrow Press, 2005.

External links

• Woodwind Fingering charts
• New Sounds for Flute by Mats Möller
• The Orchestra: A User's Manual by Andrew Hugill with The Philharmonia Orchestra. Includes definitions, descriptions and video interviews of extended techniques for most all common orchestral instruments.