Music Sound

Contents 1 Europe 1.1 British Isles 1.2 Eastern Europe 1.3 France 1.4 The Low Countries 1.4.1 Flanders and the Netherlands 1.4.2 Wallonia 1.5 Germany 1.6 Greece 1.7 Iberia (Spain and Portugal) 1.8 Italy 1.9 Sweden 1.10 Switzerland 2 Southwest Asia and North Africa 2.1 Anatolia 2.2 North Africa

Europe

British Isles

Great Highland Bagpipe : perhaps the most well-known bagpipe.
Uilleann pipes : bellows-blown bagpipe with keyed chanter, from Ireland.
Northumbrian smallpipe : a smallpipe with a closed end chanter played in a staccatto style.
Border pipe : Also called the "Lowland Bagpipe," commonly confused with Smallpipes, but much older. Played in the Lowlands of Scotland.
Scottish smallpipe : a modern reinterpretation of an extinct instrument
Cornish pipes: formerly extinct double chanter bagpipe from Cornwall (southwest England), currently undergoing a revival.
Welsh pipes (pibe cyrn, pibgod): Of two types, one a descendant of the pibgorn, the other loosely based on the Breton Veuze. Both mouthblown with one bass drone.
Lancashire Great-pipe: another formerly extinct English bagpipe currently undergoing a revival
Pastoral bagpipe : ancestor of the Irish bagpipe, also played by the Scots and northeast English.

Eastern Europe

A Serbian bagpiper

Gaida (also the large kaba gaida from the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria): Southern Balkan (i.e. Bulgarian and Macedonian) and Greek bagpipe with one drone and one chanter
Gajdy or gajde: the name for various bagpipes of Eastern Europe, found in Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Croatia.
Dudy (also known by the German name "Bock") : Czech bellows-blown bagpipe with a long, crooked drone and chanter that curves up at the end. There are at least three Polish traditions, generically known as "dudy," and the region of Zakopanie on the border with Slovakia is the home of the best known tradition.
Magyar Duda or Hungarian duda (also known as tömlösíp, börduda and Croatian duda) has a double chanter (two parallel bores in a single stick of wood) with single reeds and a bass drone. It is typical of a large group of pipes played in the Carpathian Basin.
Istarski mih (Piva d'Istria), a double chantered, single drone bagpipe whose side by side chanters are cut from a single rectangular piece of wood. They are typically single reed instruments, using the istrian scale.
Torupill, of Estonia, with a single chanter and drone.

France

Musette de cour : French ancestor of the Northumbrian pipes, used in folk music as well as classical compositions in the 18th century French court. The shuttle design for the drones was recently revived and added to a mouth blown Scottish smallpipe.
Biniou (or Biniou Koz (old style bagpipe): a mouth blown bagpipe from Brittany, a Celtic region of France. It is the most famous bagpipe of France. The great Highland bagpipe is also used in marching bands called "bagadoù" and known as "Biniou Braz' (great bagpipe).
Veuze, found in Vendee, close to Galician gaitas.
Cabrette, played in Auvergne.
Chabrette or chabretta, found in Limousin.
Bodega, found in Languedoc, made of an entire goat skin.
Boha, found in Gascogne.
Musette bressane, found in Bresse.
Bagpipes of central France: called in French cornemuse du centre or musette du centre) are of many different types, some mouth blown. It can be found in the Bourbonnais, Nivernais, and Morvan regions of France and in different tonalities.
"Chabrette poitevine", found in Poitou but extremely rare nowadays.

The Low Countries

Flanders and the Netherlands

• Doedelzak: the type of bagpipe made famous in the painings of Pieter Brueghel the Elder

Wallonia

• Muchosa or muchosac, found in Hainaut.

Germany

• Dudelsack : German bagpipe with two drones and one chanter

Greece

• Tsampouna (also tsambouna, tsabouna, etc.) : Greek island bagpipe with a double chanter, no drone and a bag made from an entire goatskin.

Iberia (Spain and Portugal)

Iberic gaitas: Gaita, gaita-de-fole or gaita de fol is a generic term for "bagpipe" in Spanish, Portuguese, Galego, and Asturian, for distinct bagpipes used in Galicia (Spain), Asturias (Spain), Cantabria (Spain), Catalonia (Spain) and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). Just like "Northumbrian smallpipes" or "Great Highland bagpipes," each country and region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name: gaita galega (Galicia, Spain), gaita transmontana (Trás-os-Montes, Portugal), gaita asturiana (Asturias, Spain), gaita sanabresa (Sanabria, Spain), sac de gemecs (Catalunya) etc. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands for some models.
Sac de gemecs : used in Catalonia. In the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Minorca, (but not Ibiza), this same bagpipe is called a "Xeremie" and is played in a duet with a Flabiol (one handed) whistle and drum.
Galician gaita is a traditional bagpipe used in Galicia and Minho.

Italy

Zampogna : A generic name for an Italian bagpipe, with different scale arrangements for two chanters (for different regions of Italy), and from one to three drones (single drone versions can sound a fifth, in relation to the chanter keynote).Other drones are tuned higher or lower than the chanters, and the drones, like the chanters, can be single or double reeded. The double reeded version of the Zampogna is generally played with the Piffero [called "biffera" in the Ciociaria] (a shawm, or folk oboe), which plays the melody and the Zampogna provides chord changes, "vamping" or rhythmic harmony figures or a bass line and a soprano harmony as an accompanyment. This double reed tradition would include the Ciociaria (Latium, southern Abruzzo and Molise), that of southern Basilicata (Pollino) and nearby areas of Calabria, and some areas of Sicily (Siracusa, Palermo). Single reed versions are played solo in the Calabrian tradition of the "surdullina"(Cosenza), and a version with a plugged chanter called the "surdullina Albanese," and the Sicilian "chiaramedda"or "chiaramella" (Messina). The chanters and drones vary, according to the tradition, from a few inches long (surdullina) to two meters in length, such as used in the cathedral of Monreale (Palermo) and nearly every size in between. The word "tzimpounas/tsimponas" still used for bagpipe in Pontic Greek and Turkish (Trebizond region of northeast Anatolia; its Romanian counterpart is "cimpoi", which also means symphony or "many sounds played together".
Piva, used in northern Italy (Bergamo, Emilia). A single chantered, single drone instrument, with double reeds, often played in accompanyment to a shawm, or piffero.
Launeddas of Sardinia. While not strictly a bagpipe in that it is played in the mouth by circular breathing, it is nonetheless a cousin and likely ancestor of the Italian zampogna, in that it has two chanters and a drone, all single reed. They vary, according to the tradition, from about a foot long to almost a meter in length.

Sweden

• Säckpipa : Also the Swedish word for 'bagpipe' in general, this instrument was on the brink of extinction in the first half of the 20th century. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, as well as a single drone at the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter.

Traditional Swedish bagpipes, säckpipa, made by Leif Eriksson

Switzerland

• Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the "Sackpfiffe" was a common instrument in the folkmusic from the middle-ages to the early 18th century – documented by iconography and in written sources (one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds).

Southwest Asia and North Africa

Anatolia

Pontic bagpipe/dankiyo/tülüm consist of :1 . Post - Skin (bag) : Animal Skin, 2 . Fisaktir - blowpipe : Wood or Bone, 3 . Avlos - flute : Wood & Reeds, 4 . Kalame - Reeds: Reeds

Dankiyo: An ancient word for bagpipe in Trebizond area in the text of Evliya Çelebi (17. century, Ottoman Era)"The Laz's of Trebizond invent bagpipe called dankiyo..." Etymology: < Ancient Greek To ankiyo, angion (άγγείον) "skin, bagpipe" Source: Öztürk, Özhan (2005). Karadeniz: Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul. p. 300 ISBN 975-6121-00-9.
Tülüm : skin bag; Turkish bagpipe featuring two parallel chanters, (and no drone) usually played by the Laz and Hamsheni people.

North Africa

• Mizwad (Arabic مِزْود ; plural مَزاود mazāwid): Tunisian bagpipes; often referred to as mezoued, a French form of the Arabic word. Mizwad literally means "sack". The mizwad is also known as the zukrah ( زُكْرة ; pl. زُكر zukar), a word literally meaning "(wine)skin".