Music Sound

Lists of folk music traditions
Americas: North, Central, Latin, South America and the Caribbean
Asia: East, Central, North, South, Southeast
Europe: Northern, Eastern, Southeastern, Southern, Western
Middle East and North Africa: Southwest Asia
Oceania and Australia: Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
Sub-Saharan Africa: Central, East, Southern and West

This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely-varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.

These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.

Contents 1 East Asia 2 South Asia 3 Southeast Asia 4 References 5 Notes

East Asia

A traditional erhu performer (at right) in Shamshuipo

A Japanese geisha playing a shamisen

A sanjo gayageum, a traditional Korean folk instrument

 

Country	Elements	Dance	Instrumentation	Other topics
Hakka [1]	bayin - gezaixi - shan'ge - tea-picking opera		suona
Han [2]	chuiguishou - funereal music - hua'er - Jingyan dagu - Nanguan ballad - pingtan - sheng-guan - sizhu - wedding music - Xi'an drum music	bunso - yangge - yo	dizi - erhu - erxian - gaohu - guanzi - pipa - qin - sanxian - shawm - sheng - suona - xiao - yangqin - yunluo - zheng
Holo [3]	beiguan - budaixi - gezaixi - nanguan		dongxiao - erxian - pipa - sanxian - suona - yueqin	quguan
Hui [4]	hua'er
Japanese [5]	danmono - gagaku - hikyoku - honkyoku - jigoe - kiyomoto - kouta - ma - matsuri-bayashi - min'yo - nogaku - yuri	bon odori - shishi mai - shishi odori - tanko bushi	biwa - fue - ko-tsuzumi - koto - nokan - o-tsuzumi - odaiko - okedo - sawari - shakuhachi - shamisen - shimedaiko - shinohue - shirabe - taiko - yosuke	geisha - iemoto - Komuso - matsuri - suizen
Korean [6]	chapka - min'yo - nongak - p'ansori - sanjo	sinawi	ajaeng - changgo - ching - haegum - kayagum - kkwaenggwari - komun'go - p'iri - puk	kyemonyonjo
Li [7]		pole dance	xylophone
Miao [8]	lusheng		flute - Jew's harp - mouth organ
Naxi [9]	Baisha Xiyue - Dongjing music		jizi - juelie - lengnong - qiben - suona
Okinawa [10]	katcharsee - shima uta - umui	eisa-daiko - zatsu odori	sanshin - yonshin
Salar [11]	hua'er

South Asia

The tabla, an Indian drum

Country	Elements	Dance	Instrumentation	Other topics
Baluchi [12]			sorud - tanburag	osta
Baul [13]			dotara (lute) - ektara - khamak (pitched drum) - napur (ankle rattle)
Garo [14]			horsehair fiddle - trumpet
Gujarati [15]	dandiya [16]
Kashmiri [17]			sarangi
Keralan [18]	chenda melam - keli - kuzhal pattu - paandi melam - tayambaka		chenda (barrel drum) - kombu (trumpet) - kuzhal (oboe) - maddalam (barrel drum)
Manipuri [19]			Dhon Dholok Cholom - Pung Cholak - Rasa Lila - Sita Harana
Maria [20]		bison-horn dance - wedding dance	drum - flute
Murung [21]			plung
Nepalese [22]	panchai baja		arbajo - barrel drum - Jew's harp - kettle drum - madal - sarangi - shawm	gaine - damai
Newar [23]	caca - jogi - malasri		barrel drum - dhimay baja - flute - nava dapha - naykhin - shawm	bisket jatra
Punjabi [24]	bhangra - dafjan - giddha	bhangra	dhol
Rajasthani [25]			bhapang - kamayacha (fiddle) - khatal (castanets) - harmonium - jantar (zither) - murali (double clarinet) - pungi (double flute) - ravanhatha - sarangi - satara (double flute) - surnai (oboe)	Bhopa - Jogi - Langa - Manganiyar - Sapera
Santal [26]			chodro banam
Sri Lankan [27]	cantiga - kaffirinha - Kolam - Nadagam - Sokari	baila
Uttar Pradesh [28]	kajaris	charkula

Southeast Asia

Xylophone and player in Bali

Country	Elements	Dance	Instrumentation	Other topics
Batak [29]	gendan keteng-keteng - gondang		bonang -kendbang - keteng-keteng - kulcapi - mangkuk - trompong
Cambodian [30]	ayai - kam nap - pleing kar	ramvong	tro
Hmong [31]	gaeng
Iban [32]			gong
Indonesia [33]	ketuk tilu - kroncong - langgam jawa	ronggeng - tapanuli ogong	cello - celumpung - flute - guitar - kecrek - kempul - kendhang - ketuk - kroncong - pelog - rebab - ronggeng - violin	komedi stambul - pelog
Karen [34]			flute - gong - xylophone - zither
Khmer [35]	jariang - cho-kantrum - ruem-trosh		ching - krab - tro
Lao [36]	lam luang - lam phi fa - lam pun - lam tan san - lam tan yao - lam toei - mor khaen - mor lam - mor lam dio - mor lam mu - mor lam pee fah - sarup - soeng - tet lae - wai khru		ching - khaen - khui - phin - ranat - so
Lun Bawang [37]	bamboo band
Malaysian [38]	asi - ronggeng - Zikir Barat	accordion - gambus - gong - joget - violin - zapin
Orang Ulu [39]			keluré - sapé
Thai [40]	bong lang - lam tad - likay - nang taloon - pii klong - pleng choi	fon		Ngan Wat
Vietnamese [41]	ca tru - hat - hat chau van - hat cheo - hat noi - hat tuong - gui thu - nhac dan toc cai bien - nhac tai tu - quan ho - roi nuoc [42]		bao - da - day - ken - k'longput - luc huyen cam - nguyet - nhi - sinh tien - song lang - tranh - trong com - t'rung - ty ba

References

• Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music, First edition, London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1858286360.
• Karolyi, Otto (1998). Traditional African & Oriental Music. Penguin Books. ISBN 014023107.
• Kinney, Troy and Margaret West (1935). The Dance: Its Place in Art and Life. Tudor Publishing.
• Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World. New York: Oxford University Press. 0195053427.
• Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music, Second edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0132306328.
• Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). Jeff Todd Titan (Ed.) Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, Second Edition, New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0028726022.
• International Dance Glossary. World Music Central. URL accessed on April 3, 2006.

Notes

1. ^ Ying-fen, Wang, "From Innocence to Funny Rap", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 235 - 240
2. ^ Jones, Stephen, "The East Is Red... And White", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 33 - 43; Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48; Karolyi, pg. 179
3. ^ Ying-fen, Wang, "From Innocence to Funny Rap", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 235 - 240
4. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48
5. ^ Clewley, John, "The Culture Blender", pgs. 143 - 159; Karolyi, pg. 199; Fujie, Linda, "East Asia/Japan" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 318 - 375; World Music Central
6. ^ Hwang, Okon and Andy Kershaw, "Our Life Is Precisely a Song", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 160 - 169
7. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48
8. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48
9. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48
10. ^ Clewley, John, "The Culture Blender", pgs. 143 - 159
11. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, "Sounds of the Frontiers", in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 - 48
12. ^ Broughton, Simon, "Kings and Queens of the Road" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 146 - 158
13. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
14. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
15. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
16. ^ The Rough Guide refers to dandiya as on "folk-based"
17. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
18. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
19. ^ World Music Central
20. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
21. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
22. ^ Tingey, Carol, "The Hills Are Alive", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 196 - 202
23. ^ Tingey, Carol, "The Hills Are Alive", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 196 - 202
24. ^ World Music Central; Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
25. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
26. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
27. ^ Ganhewa, Lalith, "Sounds of Serendipity", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 230 - 234
28. ^ Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, "Everything Is Left Behind" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 - 101
29. ^ Sutton, R. Anderson, "Asia/Indonesia" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 266 - 317
30. ^ Clewley, John, "Heavenly Dancers", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 20 - 23
31. ^ Clewley, John, "Beyond Our Khaen", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 170 - 174
32. ^ Munan, Heidi, "Music at the Crossroads", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 175 - 182
33. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 207, 213; Bass, Colin, "No Risk - No Fun!", in the Rough Guides to World Music, pg. 131 - 142
34. ^ Clewley, John, "Songs for Living", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 - 253
35. ^ Clewley, John, "Songs for Living", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 - 253
36. ^ Clewley, John, "Beyond Our Khaen", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 170 - 174; Clewley, John, "Songs for Living", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 - 253
37. ^ Munan, Heidi, "Music at the Crossroads", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 175 - 182
38. ^ Munan, Heidi, "Music at the Crossroads", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 175 - 182
39. ^ Munan, Heidi, "Music at the Crossroads", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 175 - 182
40. ^ Clewley, John, "Songs for Living", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 - 253
41. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 200; Blackburn, Philip, "Ancient Rock Music", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 262 - 269
42. ^ Blackburn notes that nhac dan toc cai bien is a form of "modernised folk music (that) has only been traditional since 1956, when the Hanoi Conservatory of Music was founded and the teaching of folk music was deliberately "improved" (quotes in original).