Drugs & Medication

In the United States, the FDA approves drugs. Before a drug can be prescribed, it must undergo an extensive FDA approval process. This process involves first testing the drug on animals or in medical labs. If found to be safe by the FDA and approved for the next phase of study, the drug is then tested for safety and effectiveness in humans (clinical trials). The drug manufacturer then files a New Drug Application to the FDA, which reviews the application and either approves or rejects it.

The U.S. and Canadian systems of new drug approvals are perhaps the most rigorous in the world. On average, it costs a company $359 million to get one new medicine from the laboratory to the pharmacist's shelf, according to a February 1993 report by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. It takes 12 years on average for an experimental drug to travel from lab to medicine chest. Only five in 5,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing make it to human testing. One of these five tested in people is approved.

See also

• Drug discovery
• Drug design
• Drug development
• Patent medicine
• Dietary supplement

External links

• ClinicalTrials.gov from US National Library of Medicine
• ICH Website
• FDA Website
• Clinical Research Training
• Careers in Clinical Research
• Clinical Research Services
• Clinical Research Companies Listings
• International Clinical Research Services and Corporate Trainings
• Clinical Research Abbreviations and Acronyms
• Clinical Research Glossary / Definitions
• List of Food and Drugs Regulatory Agencies
• Clinical Research: Frequently asked questions